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Henry II the Rich (c. 1190–1251; (ドイツ語:Heinrich II. der Reiche), (オランダ語:Hendrik II de Rijke)) was Count of Nassau between 1198 and 1249. ==Biography== Henry II was the eldest son of Count Walram I of Nassau. He was born around 1190, according to most sources (A.W.E. Dek gives his birth date as ca. 1180,〔Dek (1970). p. 14.〕 which is plausible since his father was away at the Third Crusade in 1189-1190). His mother was Kunigunde of Ziegenhain (a town now part of Schwalmstadt, Hesse), daughter of Count Poppo II of Nidda. Upon his father’s death in 1198, Henry succeeded him at the age of eight as Count (German: ''Graf'') of Nassau. He shared the reign with his younger brother, Robert IV, until 1239. In the politics of the Holy Roman Empire, Henry was generally a loyal supporter of the Hohenstaufen emperors. However, between 1209 and 1211, he backed the rival Otto IV of Brunswick as emperor, before reverting sides to support Frederick II. Between 1212 and 1214, he held prisoner Frederick's (and his own) opponent, the Archbishop of Trier Theodoric II (also known as Dietrich of Wied).〔Thiele (1994), Table 307. Quoted at (Genealogies of the Middle Ages ). Retrieved on 2009-01-29.〕 Towards the end of the 12th century, Walram I had been able to strengthen his power on the lower Lahn. As part of the inheritance of the Counts of Arnstein, he succeeded them as the Archbishopric of Trier's Vogt in Koblenz, Pfaffendorf (now a borough of Koblenz), Niederlahnstein, and Humbach (Montabaur). However, by the 1230s, Trier's influence near the Rhine and Lahn had strengthened enough to oust Nassau from the majority of the Archbishopric's vogtships.〔(Die territoriale Entwicklung Nassaus ) by Ulrich Reuling. . Retrieved on 2009-01-26.〕 The Archbishop had reinforced Montabaur around 1217 in order to protect his possessions on the right bank of the Rhine from Nassau. Henry's father had received the ''Königshof'' Wiesbaden from Emperor Frederick I in reward for his support of the emperor in the conflicts of 1170-1180.〔 Nassau’s possessions in this area were expanded around 1214 when Henry received the Imperial Vogtship (''Reichsvogtei'') over Wiesbaden and the surrounding ''Königssondergau'', which he held as fiefdoms.〔 About the year 1200, Henry, together with his brother Robert IV, began building Sonnenberg Castle on a spur of Spitzkippel peak in the Taunus above Wiesbaden. This was intended for protection against the Archbishopric of Mainz and its vassals, the Lords of Eppstein, who held the lands bordering Wiesbaden. However, the cathedral chapter of St. Martin in Mainz claimed Sonnenberg as their own. To settle the dispute, Nassau paid 30 Marks to the cathedral chapter in 1221 to acquire the land of Sonnenberg Castle. Henry was also forced to recognize the sovereignty of the Archbishops of Mainz over Sonnenberg, taking the castle as a fief of Mainz.〔(History of Sonnenberg ), City of Wiesbaden website. . Retrieved on 2009-01-23.〕 In 1224, Henry found support from the Archbishop of Cologne, Engelbert II, who made Henry his ''Marschall'' (chief military officer) and ''Schenk'' (an honorary title that originally meant "cup-bearer").〔 However, in exchange for his protection from the Archbishops of Mainz and Trier, Henry had to cede half of Siegen to Cologne. Unaffected by this division of rule, however, Nassau retained its sovereign rights in the region surrounding Siegen, where the important High Jurisdiction (''hohe Gerichtsbarkeit'') and Hunting Ban (''Wildbann'') explicitly survived to 1259.〔 In 1231, Henry attended the Imperial Diet at Worms and in 1232 was at Emperor Frederick II's imperial assembly in Ravenna.〔 Henry’s brother, Robert IV, had joined the Teutonic Order in 1230. On his death in 1239, Robert bequeathed his legacy to the Order. Henry continuously disputed any division of his realm with the Teutonic Order. Henry also held the Upper Vogtship over the Diocese of St. George in Limburg an der Lahn during the construction of the Limburg Cathedral. In 1239 he transferred, at the request of his vassal Friedrich of Hain, the income of the Netphen parishes to the Premonstratensian Keppel Abbey near Hilchenbach. His descendants took over the patronage of the monastery.〔(History of Stift Keppel ). . Retrieved on 2009-01-29.〕 In 1247, he supported the election of Anti-King William II of Holland, who confirmed all of Henry’s imperial possessions and gave him the right to mint money.〔 Henry's policies in the Herborner Mark angered the local aristocratic families. Around 1240, Henry built Dillenburg Castle to better subjugate the dissidents. By 1248, the century-long Dernbacher Feud had already begun, involving Hesse as well in the context of the War of the Thuringian Succession. Henry died on January 25, 1251,〔 after having abdicated in 1247. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Henry II, Count of Nassau」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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